IA "The Chechen Republic Today" - ChechnyaToday.com - Setting and tuning of the antenna for the satellite Express AM 22 for signal receiving of "Grozny”.

Home page

Setting and tuning of the antenna for the satellite Express AM 22 for signal receiving of "Grozny”.

воскресенье, 04 января 2009

To receive a signal from the satellite Express AM 22 an offset antenna with diameter 0.9.-1.0 m is used. The antenna of two producers – Russian “Supral” and German “Golden inerstar, Chinese “Svec” are used on the whole in our region. They have no principal distinctions in their receiving quality. Originally you are to determine the choice of place for antenna setting. The antenna must approximately look into the place where the sun is located at 3 o’clock in the afternoon. One can calculate antenna position more exactly with the help of the programme Satellite Antenna Alignment or here at the same place you can determine the time of matching the azimuth turn of antenna and the sun and the angle of place more exactly as well. Then assemble antenna according to the assembling instruction. Fasten the support hard at the chosen point. While setting on the balcony or lodge the enclosure is drilled through and the support is fastened by usual long bolts with big diameter.
While setting on wall the holes are drilled in the wall and selfwedging anchor bolts are used.
It should be taken into account that the angle of a place is calculated not in the way as for the direct focal. When antenna is set strictly vertically, it doesn’t look on the horizon line but on the definite angle that is called “ the rising angle” and it is pointed out in the antenna passport. In this case the rising angle will be 26.5 degrees for the offset antenna “Supral” 0.9-1.1 m. And as the angle of the place calculated with the help of the programme Satellite Antenna Alignment makes up 21.71 º for the satellite Express AM 22, this angle changes depending on the season of the year. Having assembled the antenna one should turn it at once in the direction of the sun approximately at 3-4 o’clock in the afternoon and inline it forward on vertical line approximately for 4 degrees.
There are often obstacles which may prevent the receiving of a signal. With the help of the programme Satellite Antenna Alignment you can calculate the necessary remoteness of the antenna depending on the height of the obstacle.

It should be noted that any obstacles including window glass to say noting of trees and bushes which are located on signal’s way may make its receiving impossible. Having set the antenna and directed it at the hypothetical whereabouts of the satellite fasten it gently on the bracket so that it could turn over it with a small effort. The setting of a screw-clamp under the fastening of antenna on the bracket simplifies the setting process considerably. In this case the fastening bolts may be turned loose to such a degree that the antenna will rotate freely leaning upon the screw-clamp.
Then if you tune on the receiver:
You should introduce the parameters of the strongest transporder on satellite: And for the satellite Express AM 22 they are: frequency- 11044 MHz, vertical palatarization (V), stream rate or S/R Symbol rate – 44948, FEC – 3 /4 or Auto. It is done like this in most the receivers:
Enter into the Menu
Choose the point “antenna setting” or “trasporder searching”.

One can make tuning on any satellite from the list. The important thing is not this but the value of transponder parameters introduced correctly. By all means check what type of converter (LNB) is set in the tunings. In case of a correct choice of converter type you must have the following heterodyne frequencies 9750/10600. Then introduce the above-named parameters of a transporder with the help of figure buttons of a receiver control panel. Tuning is made by the menu point “Signal Level” (Scan , etc.). Up-to-date tuners usually have 2 level scales. The first scale “Level (Signal)” shows the level of PF at the tuner’s entry. The second one –“Quality”- shows the level of useful signal with given parameters (frequency, rate and FEC). The level on the first scale includes both useful signal from the satellite and noises of the head, broadcast and of all mechanisms on their way from head up to tuner. Most often the level is “0” before switching on the head, and it becomes more than zero while its switching on.

Some tuners have only one scale but often when a useful signal is taken they change the colour of a scale, for example grey becomes yellow. Original search is carried out by means of scanning the sector in which the satellite is support to be.
One should take into account that the obstacles for example a neighbouring tree, the sun or simply a hand also increase the signal level on the first scale. But it will be impossible to take the satellite through them. When a tuner picks up a signal from the satellite, the level on the second scale “Quality” will appear. Further tuning is made on the second scale at the signal maximum. The scale may be in the other point of the menu, and depending on the receiver mark and the version of its serving operating system it may be located vertically or horizontally. One thing is invariable: while switching off the option “feeding LNB” the scale will indicate zero value. One should scan beginning from the position in which you have set the antenna rotating it slowly to the left and to the right 10-15 degrees in different directions. One must rotate slowly enough as the figure signal is processed not so quickly as the analogical one, and it appears on TV screen with some delay. As soon as you pick up the signal a lower stripe will be coloured as well. In this case you ought to get maximum value of the signal level on the lower stripe tuning the antenna very carefully.

If you haven’t picked up the satellite for one passage, lift the antenna a little bit upwards or downwards and repeat the operation. You will probably have to make this procedure several times.

The final index of a correct tuning for the satellite is a presence of the picture on TV screen.
It happens so that some frequencies coincide with the neigbouring satellites and antenna tuning according to the presence of the level on a lower stripe in the menu does not lead to the tuning for the necessary satellite. That’s why having tuned the antenna in such a way you ought to make sure of the presence of the picture before the final tightening of the fastening screw-nuts.
One should make the final tuning on the trasporder which you are going to plug in the ChGTRK “Grozny” – frequency 11044, FEC 3/ 4, Symbol rate 44950, vertical polatarization (V).
Having obtained the maximum value of a signal level start the final tightening of the fastening screw-nuts. One ought to tighten them carefully controlling the signal level all the time because the antenna displaces a little bit this or that way depending on the fact from what side you tighten the screw-nut. If you tune the antenna with the help of a computer with a set palate Sky Star 2 you should pass on here,

Location (whereabouts) of the satellite “Express AM-22 (53 º EL) in the main regions of broadcasting zones.

№	Settlement	Coordinate		Height	Angle, º.	Azimuth, º.
№	Settlement	NL (north latitude)	NL (north latitude)	Height	Angle, º.	Azimuth, º.
1	Dublin	53º 21’	-06º 15’	90м	9,5	115,5
2	Oslo	59º 56’	10º 45’	180м	13,7	133,6
3	London	51º 30’	0 º 07’	25м	13,8	120,6
4	Amsterdam	52º 21’	04º 54’	0м	15,7	125,3
5	Stockholm	59º 19’	18º 02’	40м	16,6	140,8
6	Brussels	50º 48’	04º 26’	45м	16,6	124,3
7	Paris	48º 50’	02º 18’	125м	16,7	121,6
8	Copenhagen	55º 39’	12º 32’	10м	17,2	134
9	Homburg	53º 32’	09º 58’	10м	17,5	130,7
10	Helsinki	60º 10’	24º 58’	10м	17,8	148,4
11	Cologne	50º 57’	06º 59’	70м	18	126
12	Berlin	52º 32’	13º 24’	50м	20	133,8
13	Berne	46º 58’	07º 27’	840м	21,3	125,6
14	Marseilles	43º 50’	05º 23’	225м	21,4	122,2
15	Madrid	40º 24’	03º 43’	650м	22,5	119
16	Prague	50º 05’	14º 25’	290м	22,6	133,8
17	Munich	48º 08’	11º 38’	520м	22,7	130,2
18	(Al) Djasir	36º 46’	03º 02’	30м	23	116,6
19	Warsaw	52º 13’	21º 03’	90м	23,6	141,7
20	Rome	41º 53’	12º 30’	70м	26	128
21	Tunis	36º 48’	10º 08’	70м	28,5	122,8
22	Tripoli	32º 52’	13º 11’	35м	33	123
23	Istanbul	41º 04’	28º 58’	110м	36,8	145,8
24	Ankara	39º 58’	32º 49’	1180м	40	149,3
25	Trabzon	41º 08’	39º 42’	507м	41,2	160,2
26	Cairo	30º 03’	31º 21’	45м	48	141,5
27	Damask	33º 32’	36º 20’	980м	49	151,5
28	Teheran	35º 42’	51º 26’	1760м	50	177,3
29	Al Kuwait	29º 19’	48º 02’	30м	55,5	169
30	Dubai	25º 17’	55º 22’	10м	60,4	185,5
31	Mecca	21º 26’	39º 47’	330м	61,3	147
32	Minsk	53º 55’	27º 35’	240м	24,7	149,5
33	Kiev	50º 27’	30º 31’	120м	28,7	151,7
34	Tbilisi	41º 44’	44º 49’	620м	41,8	167,8
35	Baku	40º 23’	49º 55’	25м	43,7	175,2
36	Astana	51º 10’	71º 25’	350м	29,5	203
37	Karaganda	49º 52’	73º 10’	540м	30,4	205,6
38	Djezkazgan	47º 50’	67º 03’	365м	34	198,6
39	Saint-Petersburg	59º 57’	30º 18’	50м	19,5	154,2
40	Yaroslavl	57º 39’	39º 50’	100м	23,7	164,5
41	Perm	58º 03’	56º 14’	160м	24,3	183,8
42	Tyumen	57º 13’	65º 27’	55м	24,7	194,7
43	Omsk	54º 59’	73º 23’	100м	24,9	204,4
44	Moscow	55º 48’	37º 35’	165м	25,3	161,5
45	Kazan	55º 46’	49º 07’	110м	26,7	175,2
46	Chelyabinsk	55º 11’	61º 25’	220м	27	190,2
47	Ufa	54º 47’	55º 55’	140м	27,8	183,5
48	Samara	53º 14’	50º 11’	45м	30	176,4
49	Volgograd	48º 45’	44º 33’	60м	33,7	168,6
50	Rostov-on-Done	47º 18’	39º 41’	30м	34,2	162
51	Sharoy	42º 38’	45º 48’	1500м	41,5	169,4
52	Makazhoy	42º 44’	46º 04’	1900м	41,5	170